Theft and Fraud: Courts-Martial at Mayport vs. Federal Court in the Middle District of Florida
Navy courts-martial at Mayport, Florida recorded 11 convictions for larceny, theft, and fraud under Article 121 from 2016 to 2024, and 10 of the 11 (91%) included confinement, with a median of 6.7 months. The federal court for the Middle District of Florida sentenced 1,790 people under guideline §2B
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In brief: Navy courts-martial at Mayport, Florida recorded 11 convictions for larceny, theft, and fraud under Article 121 from 2016 to 2024, and 10 of the 11 (91%) included confinement, with a median of 6.7 months. The federal court for the Middle District of Florida sentenced 1,790 people under guideline §2B1.1 in fiscal years 2016 to 2025, and the median prison term was 24 months (2 years). The federal figures cover the entire district, not Mayport, and most of those cases involved no service members.
This post uses the U.S. Sentencing Commission's records of 1,790 people sentenced in federal court in fiscal years 2016 to 2025, compared with court-martial results from this site's Military Trial Results data (updated November 2, 2026). Acquittals and dismissals come from a second source, the Federal Judicial Center's records of 753,808 federal defendants whose cases ended in fiscal years 2016 to 2025. It is part of the Federal Prosecution Analysis series, which builds on Military Moves Toward Sentencing Guidelines to Mirror the Federal System. How the numbers were built: How the Federal Comparison Data Was Built.
Mayport by the Numbers
All 11 convictions were Navy cases, and the records list the trial location as "Mayport" or "Mayport, Florida". A quarter of those convicted received 10.8 months of confinement or more.
The 6.7-month median is higher than the 5-month median for all 626 court-martial convictions for this offense in the data.
Of the 10 enlisted members convicted, 5 (50%) received a punitive discharge: 1 dishonorable discharge and 4 bad-conduct discharges. A general court-martial heard 3 of the 11 cases (27%).
| Courts-martial at Mayport | Federal court, Middle District of Florida | |
|---|---|---|
| Convictions or people sentenced | 11 | 1,790 |
| Sentenced to confinement or prison | 91% | 67% |
| Median confinement or prison | 6.7 months | 24 months |
| A quarter received this or more | 10.8 months | 50 months |
| Pleaded guilty | 9 of 11 with a plea recorded (82%) | 95% |
| Mandatory minimum applied | See the caveats | 296 of 1,790 with the information (17%) |
Earlier Trials Had Longer Terms
Trials in 2016 to 2019 had a median confinement of 9 months, based on 7 cases. Trials in 2020 to 2025 had a median of 2 months, based on 3 cases. A count of 3 cases cannot establish a trend, and the records do not explain the change.
Of the 11 convictions, 9 (82%) followed a guilty plea, and those 9 had a median confinement of 4.4 months. A single contested case that ended in conviction carried 60 months of confinement.
The District Count Is Not a Mayport Count
Mayport is within the Middle District of Florida. The 1,790 people in the federal count were sentenced anywhere in the district, and most were not service members. The records do not show that Mayport cases would have been tried in that court, and courts-martial take place in military courts.
The federal court also counts by fiscal year, from October 1 to September 30, while the court-martial years follow the trial date.
Restitution and Supervision in Federal Court
Federal sentences often include more than prison. In this district, restitution was ordered for 1,588 people (89%). Supervised release after prison was ordered for 1,187 (66%), with a median term of 36 months. A fine was ordered for 73 (4%).
Court-martial records in this data do not track restitution or supervised release, so those parts of the sentence have no military counterpart in the table.
Prison, Pleas, and the Guideline Range
Of the 1,790 people, 1,205 (67%) received a prison term and 419 (23%) received probation only. A quarter of prison terms were 50 months or more, and a quarter were 12 months or less. The district median of 24 months is higher than the 21-month median for all federal districts (53,639 people).
Guilty pleas accounted for 1,702 (95%), and 88 people were convicted after a trial. The median was 24 months after a guilty plea and 60 months after trial (71 people sent to prison). A straight plea with no agreement made up 20% of guilty pleas, and 79% had a written plea agreement.
Sentences were within the guideline range for 44% (785), below it without a government request for 35% (620), below it at the government's request for 19% (343), and above it for 2% (42). A mandatory minimum applied to 296 (17%).
Limits
Court-martial confinement is the adjudged sentence, before clemency or appeal. Federal prison terms are imposed terms, not time served.
In the district, 71% of federal defendants were in criminal history category I and 5% in category VI. Court-martial records have no criminal history field. With 11 convictions at Mayport, these figures describe a small group, and the records do not show the facts of any case.
How We Counted
Courts-martial with trial dates in 2016 to 2025 whose recorded trial location is Mayport, Florida, ending in a conviction for larceny, theft, and fraud (Article 121; federal guideline §2B1.1) (11). Federal: people sentenced in fiscal years 2016 to 2025 in the Middle District of Florida (U.S. Sentencing Commission district label "Florida Mid") under primary guideline §2B1.1 (theft, embezzlement, fraud, and property damage) (1,790). The installation is matched to the federal district for the county where it sits.
Federal fiscal years run from October 1 to September 30. No person, judge, or lawyer is identified in any of these records.
What to Keep in Mind
Who is in each set of numbers. The federal sentencing numbers come from the U.S. Sentencing Commission. They count only people who were convicted and sentenced in federal district court. People whose cases were dismissed or who were acquitted are not in them. The military numbers come from court-martial results, which include acquittals. To compare acquittal or dismissal rates, the federal side uses a different source: the Federal Judicial Center's case data, which counts every defendant whose case ended.
Different cases reach each system. Federal prosecutors bring a narrow set of cases. In fiscal year 2024, immigration and drug trafficking cases were 59% of everyone sentenced in federal court (36,664 of 61,678). Many crimes that the military prosecutes, such as most assaults, most sexual assaults between adults, and drug use, are usually state crimes for civilians and reach federal court only in special situations, such as on federal land or in Indian Country. A federal case and a court-martial for the same crime can involve different kinds of facts.
No parole in federal prison; credit for good conduct. Federal prison has no parole for crimes committed on or after November 1, 1987. A federal prisoner can earn up to 54 days of good conduct credit for each year of the sentence the judge imposed, which is about 15%. Some federal prisoners can also earn First Step Act time credits, but many offenses make a person ineligible. The numbers in this post are the sentences judges imposed, not the time people actually served.
Military confinement credit and parole. For military sentences adjudged after 2004, good conduct time is 5 days for each month of confinement, about 16%. Military prisoners can also earn up to 8 more days a month for work and programs and up to 2 days a month for special acts, with a limit of 15 days a month in total. Military prisoners can be considered for parole by their service's clemency and parole board. The military numbers in this post are the confinement adjudged at trial, not the time served.
Military sentences include punishments federal sentences do not. A court-martial sentence can include a punitive discharge (bad-conduct discharge, dishonorable discharge, or dismissal for officers), reduction in rank, and forfeiture of pay. These have no federal counterpart. A comparison of months of confinement leaves them out. A short confinement term combined with a dishonorable discharge is a heavier sentence than the months alone show.
Time periods. Federal numbers are by federal fiscal year (October 1 to September 30), based on the sentencing date. The military numbers are by trial date. Neither source has the date of the offense, so a change in law shows up in either data set gradually.
Offense categories do not line up exactly. Each comparison uses a federal offense group chosen to match the military article as closely as possible (see the crosswalk). Some matches are close; others are partial. The post says which federal guideline or statute was used and why it is not an exact match.
Related Analysis
- Military Moves Toward Sentencing Guidelines to Mirror the Federal System (the background article)
- Federal Prosecution Analysis (all federal posts)
- How the Federal Comparison Data Was Built (sources and method)
- Theft and Fraud by Dollar Loss: Federal Sentences vs. Article 121 Courts-Martial (overview)
- Federal Sentences in the Middle District of Florida, FY2016–2025 (the federal district)
- Child Pornography: Courts-Martial at Mayport vs. Federal Court in the Middle District of Florida (same installation)
- Theft and Fraud: Courts-Martial at Bremerton vs. Federal Court in the Western District of Washington (other installations)
- Theft and Fraud: Courts-Martial at Camp Lejeune vs. Federal Court in the Eastern District of North Carolina (other installations)
- Theft and Fraud: Courts-Martial at Camp Pendleton vs. Federal Court in the Southern District of California (other installations)
- Theft and Fraud: Courts-Martial at Fort Hood vs. Federal Court in the Western District of Texas (other installations)
- Theft and Fraud: Federal Sentences vs. Air Force Courts-Martial, 2016–2025
- Theft and Fraud: Federal Sentences vs. Army Courts-Martial
- Theft and Fraud: Federal Sentences vs. Marine Corps Courts-Martial
- Army Article 121 Cases by the Numbers, 2021–2025 (court-martial data)
- Article 121 Sentences in the Army: Confinement and Discharges, 2021–2025 (court-martial data)
- Fighting an Army Larceny Charge: How Contested Cases Ended (court-martial data)
- Guilty Pleas in Army Larceny Cases: How Often, and What Came Next (court-martial data)
- Air Force Article 121 Cases by the Numbers, 2016–2025 (court-martial data)
- What Sentence Follows an Air Force Larceny Conviction? (court-martial data)
- Pleading Guilty to Article 121 in the Air Force: What Sentences Followed? (court-martial data)
- How Has Article 121 Changed in Navy-Marine Corps Courts-Martial Since 2017? (court-martial data)
- Article 121 Sentences in the Navy-Marine Corps: Confinement and Discharges, 2017–2025 (court-martial data)
- Not Guilty Pleas in Navy-Marine Corps Article 121 Cases: What Happened at Trial (court-martial data)
- Guilty Pleas in Navy-Marine Corps Larceny Cases: How Often, and What Came Next (court-martial data)
- Article 121 (Larceny): Court-Martial Data and Trends (court-martial data)
- Article 121 UCMJ: Larceny and Wrongful Appropriation (law firm reference page)
- U.S. Sentencing Commission, Individual Offender Datafiles (source)
- Federal Judicial Center, Integrated Database (criminal defendants) (source)
About the author. Jocelyn C. Stewart is a retired Army JAG with more than 24 years of trying courts-martial and more than 200 jury trials. She hosts Where All The Bodies Are Buried and runs the Law Office of Jocelyn C. Stewart. This analysis is for education and information only. It is not legal advice, and every case is different.