Theft and Fraud: Courts-Martial at Camp Pendleton vs. Federal Court in the Southern District of California
For larceny, theft, and fraud under Article 121, courts-martial at Camp Pendleton recorded 39 convictions with trial dates from 2017 to 2025, and the median adjudged confinement was 6.5 months. The Southern District of California sentenced 887 people under federal guideline §2B1.1 in fiscal years 20
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In brief: For larceny, theft, and fraud under Article 121, courts-martial at Camp Pendleton recorded 39 convictions with trial dates from 2017 to 2025, and the median adjudged confinement was 6.5 months. The Southern District of California sentenced 887 people under federal guideline §2B1.1 in fiscal years 2016 to 2025, and the median prison term was 12.7 months for those sent to prison. The federal count is district-wide, not a count of base cases, and most of those people were not in the military.
This post uses the U.S. Sentencing Commission's records of 887 people sentenced in federal court in fiscal years 2016 to 2025, compared with court-martial results from this site's Military Trial Results data (updated November 2, 2026). Acquittals and dismissals come from a second source, the Federal Judicial Center's records of 753,808 federal defendants whose cases ended in fiscal years 2016 to 2025. It is part of the Federal Prosecution Analysis series, which builds on Military Moves Toward Sentencing Guidelines to Mirror the Federal System. How the numbers were built: How the Federal Comparison Data Was Built.
How Many Pleaded Guilty?
At Camp Pendleton, 35 of the 37 convictions with a plea recorded (95%) were guilty pleas. In the Southern District of California, 861 of the 887 people sentenced (97%) pleaded guilty, and 26 were convicted after a trial.
More than 99% of the federal guilty pleas in the district had a written plea agreement.
The Camp Pendleton guilty pleas carried a median confinement of 6 months across 31 cases. The 2 contested cases ending in conviction had a median of 5 months. Federal prison terms had a median of 12 months after a guilty plea and 37 months after a trial, based on 23 people sent to prison after trial.
Which Cases Are in Each Count
The records list the trial location as "Camp Pendleton", "Camp Pendleton, California", "Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton", or "Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California". Of the 39 convictions, 37 were Marine Corps cases and 2 were Navy cases.
The base is located in the Southern District of California. The federal numbers, though, cover every §2B1.1 sentence in that district. They are not cases from the base, and nothing in the records suggests the base cases would have been heard in that court.
| Courts-martial at Camp Pendleton | Federal court, Southern District of California | |
|---|---|---|
| Convictions or people sentenced | 39 | 887 |
| Sentenced to confinement or prison | 87% | 79% |
| Median confinement or prison | 6.5 months | 12.7 months |
| A quarter received this or more | 12.7 months | 24 months |
| Pleaded guilty | 35 of 37 with a plea recorded (95%) | 97% |
| Mandatory minimum applied | See the caveats | 26 of 887 with the information (3%) |
Sentences Above the Guideline Range
One feature of this district is the share of sentences above the guideline range: 15% (130 people). For all federal sentences, the guideline range is a recommended starting point.
Within the range were 38% (334). Below it at the government's request were 40% (351), and below it without a government request were 8% (72).
Mandatory minimum prison terms were uncommon, applying to 26 people (3%). Restitution was ordered for 447 (50%), and a fine for 64 (7%).
Prison and Confinement Rates
Federal judges in the district sent 700 of the 887 (79%) to prison. Probation only was ordered for 142 (16%). A quarter of the prison terms were 5 months or less, and a quarter were 24 months or more.
The district median of 12.7 months was lower than the median for all federal districts, 21 months, across 53,639 people.
At Camp Pendleton, 34 of the 39 sentences (87%) included confinement, and a quarter received 12.7 months or more. Of the 39 enlisted members convicted, 29 (74%) received a punitive discharge: 2 dishonorable and 27 bad-conduct discharges. A general court-martial heard 9 of the 39 cases (23%).
Trial Years at the Base
The median confinement at Camp Pendleton was 12 months for trials in 2016 to 2019, based on 15 cases with confinement. For trials in 2020 to 2025, it was 4 months, based on 19 cases. The records cannot show the reason for that change.
All courts-martial for this offense in the data total 626 convictions, with a median confinement of 5 months.
Where the Data Stops
Court-martial confinement is counted as adjudged at trial, before clemency or appeal. Federal terms are those imposed, not time served. Federal years run from October 1 to September 30, while court-martial years follow the trial date.
Federal records place 76% of these defendants in criminal history category I and 5% in category VI. Court-martial records have no criminal history field, and neither source shows the amount lost in a specific case.
How We Counted
Courts-martial with trial dates in 2016 to 2025 whose recorded trial location is Camp Pendleton, California, ending in a conviction for larceny, theft, and fraud (Article 121; federal guideline §2B1.1) (39). Federal: people sentenced in fiscal years 2016 to 2025 in the Southern District of California (U.S. Sentencing Commission district label "California South") under primary guideline §2B1.1 (theft, embezzlement, fraud, and property damage) (887). The installation is matched to the federal district for the county where it sits.
Federal fiscal years run from October 1 to September 30. No person, judge, or lawyer is identified in any of these records.
What to Keep in Mind
Who is in each set of numbers. The federal sentencing numbers come from the U.S. Sentencing Commission. They count only people who were convicted and sentenced in federal district court. People whose cases were dismissed or who were acquitted are not in them. The military numbers come from court-martial results, which include acquittals. To compare acquittal or dismissal rates, the federal side uses a different source: the Federal Judicial Center's case data, which counts every defendant whose case ended.
Different cases reach each system. Federal prosecutors bring a narrow set of cases. In fiscal year 2024, immigration and drug trafficking cases were 59% of everyone sentenced in federal court (36,664 of 61,678). Many crimes that the military prosecutes, such as most assaults, most sexual assaults between adults, and drug use, are usually state crimes for civilians and reach federal court only in special situations, such as on federal land or in Indian Country. A federal case and a court-martial for the same crime can involve different kinds of facts.
No parole in federal prison; credit for good conduct. Federal prison has no parole for crimes committed on or after November 1, 1987. A federal prisoner can earn up to 54 days of good conduct credit for each year of the sentence the judge imposed, which is about 15%. Some federal prisoners can also earn First Step Act time credits, but many offenses make a person ineligible. The numbers in this post are the sentences judges imposed, not the time people actually served.
Military confinement credit and parole. For military sentences adjudged after 2004, good conduct time is 5 days for each month of confinement, about 16%. Military prisoners can also earn up to 8 more days a month for work and programs and up to 2 days a month for special acts, with a limit of 15 days a month in total. Military prisoners can be considered for parole by their service's clemency and parole board. The military numbers in this post are the confinement adjudged at trial, not the time served.
Military sentences include punishments federal sentences do not. A court-martial sentence can include a punitive discharge (bad-conduct discharge, dishonorable discharge, or dismissal for officers), reduction in rank, and forfeiture of pay. These have no federal counterpart. A comparison of months of confinement leaves them out. A short confinement term combined with a dishonorable discharge is a heavier sentence than the months alone show.
Time periods. Federal numbers are by federal fiscal year (October 1 to September 30), based on the sentencing date. The military numbers are by trial date. Neither source has the date of the offense, so a change in law shows up in either data set gradually.
Offense categories do not line up exactly. Each comparison uses a federal offense group chosen to match the military article as closely as possible (see the crosswalk). Some matches are close; others are partial. The post says which federal guideline or statute was used and why it is not an exact match.
Related Analysis
- Military Moves Toward Sentencing Guidelines to Mirror the Federal System (the background article)
- Federal Prosecution Analysis (all federal posts)
- How the Federal Comparison Data Was Built (sources and method)
- Theft and Fraud by Dollar Loss: Federal Sentences vs. Article 121 Courts-Martial (overview)
- Federal Sentences in the Southern District of California, FY2016–2025 (the federal district)
- Child Pornography: Courts-Martial at Camp Pendleton vs. Federal Court in the Southern District of California (same installation)
- Child Sexual Abuse and Enticement: Courts-Martial at Camp Pendleton vs. Federal Court in the Southern District of California (same installation)
- Drug Possession: Courts-Martial at Camp Pendleton vs. Federal Court in the Southern District of California (same installation)
- Drug Use: Courts-Martial at Camp Pendleton vs. Federal Court in the Southern District of California (same installation)
- Drug Distribution: Courts-Martial at Camp Pendleton vs. Federal Court in the Southern District of California (same installation)
- Aggravated Assault: Courts-Martial at Camp Pendleton vs. Federal Court in the Southern District of California (same installation)
- Obstruction of Justice: Courts-Martial at Camp Pendleton vs. Federal Court in the Southern District of California (same installation)
- Theft and Fraud: Courts-Martial at Bremerton vs. Federal Court in the Western District of Washington (other installations)
- Theft and Fraud: Courts-Martial at Camp Lejeune vs. Federal Court in the Eastern District of North Carolina (other installations)
- Theft and Fraud: Courts-Martial at Fort Hood vs. Federal Court in the Western District of Texas (other installations)
- Theft and Fraud: Federal Sentences vs. Air Force Courts-Martial, 2016–2025
- Theft and Fraud: Federal Sentences vs. Army Courts-Martial
- Theft and Fraud: Federal Sentences vs. Marine Corps Courts-Martial
- Army Article 121 Cases by the Numbers, 2021–2025 (court-martial data)
- Article 121 Sentences in the Army: Confinement and Discharges, 2021–2025 (court-martial data)
- Fighting an Army Larceny Charge: How Contested Cases Ended (court-martial data)
- Guilty Pleas in Army Larceny Cases: How Often, and What Came Next (court-martial data)
- Air Force Article 121 Cases by the Numbers, 2016–2025 (court-martial data)
- What Sentence Follows an Air Force Larceny Conviction? (court-martial data)
- Pleading Guilty to Article 121 in the Air Force: What Sentences Followed? (court-martial data)
- How Has Article 121 Changed in Navy-Marine Corps Courts-Martial Since 2017? (court-martial data)
- Article 121 Sentences in the Navy-Marine Corps: Confinement and Discharges, 2017–2025 (court-martial data)
- Not Guilty Pleas in Navy-Marine Corps Article 121 Cases: What Happened at Trial (court-martial data)
- Guilty Pleas in Navy-Marine Corps Larceny Cases: How Often, and What Came Next (court-martial data)
- Article 121 (Larceny): Court-Martial Data and Trends (court-martial data)
- Article 121 UCMJ: Larceny and Wrongful Appropriation (law firm reference page)
- U.S. Sentencing Commission, Individual Offender Datafiles (source)
- Federal Judicial Center, Integrated Database (criminal defendants) (source)
About the author. Jocelyn C. Stewart is a retired Army JAG with more than 24 years of trying courts-martial and more than 200 jury trials. She hosts Where All The Bodies Are Buried and runs the Law Office of Jocelyn C. Stewart. This analysis is for education and information only. It is not legal advice, and every case is different.