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# §2R1.1 Bid-Rigging, Price-Fixing or Market-Allocation Agreements Among Competitors: Federal Sentences, Fiscal Year 2019
- URL: https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-guideline-2r1-1-bid-rigging-price-fixing-or-market-allocation-fy2019/
- Published: 2026-11-04T10:57:21.000Z
- Updated: 2026-11-04T10:57:21.000Z
- Description: In fiscal year 2019, 17 of the 20 people sentenced under §2R1.1 (85%) received a prison term, and 0 received probation only. The median prison term was 4 months. All 20 pleaded guilty.
- Author: Jocelyn C. Stewart
- Tags: Understanding Trends, Federal

[Trends](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/) › [Federal Prosecution Analysis](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal/) › [§2R1.1 Bid-Rigging, Price-Fixing or Market-Allocation Agreem](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-guideline-2r1-1-bid-rigging-price-fixing-or-market-allocation/) › §2R1.1: FY2019

**In brief:** In fiscal year 2019, 17 of the 20 people sentenced under §2R1.1 (85%) received a prison term, and 0 received probation only. The median prison term was 4 months. All 20 pleaded guilty.

Updated November 4, 2026 · Sources: U.S. Sentencing Commission and Federal Judicial Center, fiscal years 2016–2025

This post uses the U.S. Sentencing Commission's records of 20 people sentenced in federal court in fiscal year 2019\. Acquittals and dismissals come from a second source, the Federal Judicial Center's records of 753,808 federal defendants whose cases ended in fiscal years 2016 to 2025\. It is part of the [Federal Prosecution Analysis](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal/) series, which builds on [Military Moves Toward Sentencing Guidelines to Mirror the Federal System](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/military-sentencing-guidelines-federal-system/). How the numbers were built: [How the Federal Comparison Data Was Built](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-data-methodology/).

## Prison Was the Usual Sentence in Fiscal Year 2019

17 of the 20 people (85%) received a prison term. 0 (0%) received probation only. In the all-years record for §2R1.1, from fiscal year 2016 to 2025, 43% were sent to prison, so the 2019 share was higher.

The median prison term was 4 months. A quarter received 6 months or more, and a quarter received 4 months or less. The terms are short in this group. They are also terms imposed, not time served.

16 people (80%) were ordered to serve supervised release after prison, and the median term was 36 months.

## Every Person Pleaded Guilty

20 of 20 (100%) pleaded guilty, and 0 were convicted after a trial. Among guilty pleas, 100% had a written plea agreement and 0% were straight pleas.

Because no one was convicted at trial, the data has no trial prison term for this year. A mandatory minimum prison term applied to 0 of the 20 people with that information recorded (0%).

## How Sentences Related to the Guideline Range

16 sentences (80%) were below the range at the government's request. 2 (10%) were within the range, and 2 (10%) were below the range without a government request. None was above the range.

Within-range sentences were 10% here, 14% across fiscal years 2016 to 2025 under §2R1.1, and 51% for everyone sentenced in federal court in fiscal year 2019 under every guideline.

## What Guideline §2R1.1 Is

Guideline §2R1.1 is titled "Bid-Rigging, Price-Fixing or Market-Allocation Agreements Among Competitors" in the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual. The U.S. Sentencing Commission counted 20 people with it as the primary guideline in fiscal year 2019, running from October 1, 2018 to September 30, 2019\. Their offense type is Antitrust.

A fine was ordered for 18 (90%), and restitution for 4 (20%). 95% were in the lowest criminal history category, and 0% were in the highest. Court-martial records have no criminal history field.

## The Years on Either Side

The previous fiscal year, 2018, had 53 people under §2R1.1 and a median prison term of 8 months. Fiscal year 2019 had a lower median prison term than 2018\. The yearly table lists the following years as well.

Over all of 2016 to 2025, 184 people were sentenced under this guideline. The median prison term was 6 months, and guilty pleas were 91%. In fiscal year 2019, for all guidelines, 76,538 people were sentenced, with a median prison term of 21 months and guilty pleas of 98%.

A single year with 20 people cannot show a trend.

| Fiscal year | People sentenced | Median prison | Pleaded guilty |
| ----------- | ---------------- | ------------- | -------------- |
| 2016        | 19               | 5 months      | 95%            |
| 2017        | 26               | 11 months     | 77%            |
| 2018        | 53               | 8 months      | 91%            |
| 2019        | 20               | 4 months      | 100%           |
| 2020        | 9                | 8 months      | 7 of 9         |
| 2021        | 6                | 0 months      | 6 of 6         |
| 2022        | 8                | 14.9 months   | 7 of 8         |
| 2023        | 17               | 6 months      | 100%           |
| 2024        | 8                | 5 months      | 8 of 8         |
| 2025        | 18               | 6 months      | 89%            |

## What Is Missing

The data counts only people who were convicted and sentenced. Acquittals and dismissals are not in it. The approved crosswalk has no close court-martial counterpart for this guideline, so this post reports the federal numbers on their own.

The records do not show the industries involved or the conduct behind any sentence.

### How We Counted

Everyone sentenced in federal court in fiscal year 2019 whose primary sentencing guideline was §2R1.1 (20), U.S. Sentencing Commission individual data files. The primary guideline is the one that set the offense level for the most serious count.

Federal fiscal years run from October 1 to September 30\. No person, judge, or lawyer is identified in any of these records.

### What to Keep in Mind

**No parole in federal prison; credit for good conduct.** Federal prison has no parole for crimes committed on or after November 1, 1987\. A federal prisoner can earn up to 54 days of good conduct credit for each year of the sentence the judge imposed, which is about 15%. Some federal prisoners can also earn First Step Act time credits, but many offenses make a person ineligible. The numbers in this post are the sentences judges imposed, not the time people actually served.

**Federal supervised release.** Most federal prison sentences are followed by a term of supervised release that the judge sets as part of the sentence. A person who violates it can be sent back to prison. A court-martial cannot sentence anyone to supervision after release. Military parole and mandatory supervised release are decided later by a board, not by the judge at trial.

**Who decides the sentence, and under what rules.** Federal judges sentence every federal case. They must calculate the Sentencing Guidelines range, which is advisory, and must impose any mandatory minimum the statute requires unless an exception applies. In courts-martial, the accused could choose sentencing by members until the rules changed. For cases in which every guilty finding is for an offense committed after December 27, 2023, a military judge sentences alone, within sentencing parameters. Courts-martial tried in 2024 and later include both old-rule and new-rule cases, and the data cannot tell them apart.

**Time periods.** Federal numbers are by federal fiscal year (October 1 to September 30), based on the sentencing date. The military numbers are by trial date. Neither source has the date of the offense, so a change in law shows up in either data set gradually.

**How life sentences and "time served" are counted.** In the federal numbers, a life sentence is counted as 470 months, and any other sentence longer than 470 months is counted as just under 470 months. A sentence of "time served" is counted as one day (0.03 months). Averages are affected by these rules; medians much less.

## Related Analysis

- [Military Moves Toward Sentencing Guidelines to Mirror the Federal System](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/military-sentencing-guidelines-federal-system/) (the background article)
- [Federal Prosecution Analysis](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal/) (all federal posts)
- [How the Federal Comparison Data Was Built](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-data-methodology/) (sources and method)
- [§2R1.1 Bid-Rigging, Price-Fixing or Market-Allocation Agreements Among Competitors: Federal Sentences, FY2016–2025](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-guideline-2r1-1-bid-rigging-price-fixing-or-market-allocation/) (overview)
- [§2R1.1 Bid-Rigging, Price-Fixing or Market-Allocation Agreements Among Competitors: Federal Sentences, Fiscal Year 2018](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-guideline-2r1-1-bid-rigging-price-fixing-or-market-allocation-fy2018/) (previous or next fiscal year)
- [How Often Federal Judges Sentence Outside the Guideline Range](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-sentences-outside-guideline-range/)
- [Mandatory Minimums: How Many Federal Sentences Are Set by Congress](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-mandatory-minimum-sentences/)
- [U.S. Sentencing Commission, Individual Offender Datafiles](https://www.ussc.gov/research/datafiles/commission-datafiles?ref=bodiesburied.com) (source)
- [Federal Judicial Center, Integrated Database (criminal defendants)](https://www.fjc.gov/research/idb?ref=bodiesburied.com) (source)

**About the author.** Jocelyn C. Stewart is a retired Army JAG with more than 24 years of trying courts-martial and more than 200 jury trials. She hosts *Where All The Bodies Are Buried* and runs the [Law Office of Jocelyn C. Stewart](https://www.ucmj-defender.com/?ref=bodiesburied.com). This analysis is for education and information only. It is not legal advice, and every case is different.