§2N1.1 Tampering or Attempting to Tamper Involving Risk of Death or Bodily Injury: Federal Sentences, Fiscal Year 2025
12 people were sentenced under §2N1.1 in fiscal year 2025. 10 of them (83%) received a prison term, and the median was 12 months. All 12 pleaded guilty, and 1 sentence (8%) was within the guideline range.
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Trends › Federal Prosecution Analysis › §2N1.1 Tampering or Attempting to Tamper Involving Risk of D › §2N1.1: FY2025
In brief: 12 people were sentenced under §2N1.1 in fiscal year 2025. 10 of them (83%) received a prison term, and the median was 12 months. All 12 pleaded guilty, and 1 sentence (8%) was within the guideline range.
This post uses the U.S. Sentencing Commission's records of 12 people sentenced in federal court in fiscal year 2025. Acquittals and dismissals come from a second source, the Federal Judicial Center's records of 753,808 federal defendants whose cases ended in fiscal years 2016 to 2025. It is part of the Federal Prosecution Analysis series, which builds on Military Moves Toward Sentencing Guidelines to Mirror the Federal System. How the numbers were built: How the Federal Comparison Data Was Built.
Fiscal Year 2025 at a Glance: 12 People Sentenced Under §2N1.1
The U.S. Sentencing Commission recorded 12 people in fiscal year 2025 whose primary guideline was §2N1.1, titled "Tampering or Attempting to Tamper Involving Risk of Death or Bodily Injury." The fiscal year ran from October 1, 2024 to September 30, 2025.
10 of the 12 (83%) received a prison term, and 2 (17%) received probation only, with no prison or other confinement. The median prison term was 12 months. A quarter received 23.5 months or more, and a quarter received 6.8 months or less.
10 people (83%) were ordered to serve supervised release after prison, with a median term of 36 months.
One Sentence Was Within the Range
1 of the 12 sentences (8%) was within the guideline range. 4 (33%) were below it at the government's request, and 7 (58%) were below it without a government request. None was above the range.
Fiscal year 2024 had 0% within the range. Across fiscal years 2016 to 2025, the share was 5%, so the 2025 figure was higher than the full-period figure, though it rests on 1 person.
Guilty Pleas Across the Group
12 of 12 people (100%) pleaded guilty, and none was convicted after a trial. 83% of the guilty pleas had a written plea agreement and 17% were straight pleas. A mandatory minimum prison term applied to 0 of the 12 people.
The counts exclude anyone acquitted or whose case was dismissed.
Money Orders and Criminal History
A fine was ordered for 1 person (8%), and restitution for 2 (17%). 75% of the people were in the lowest criminal history category, category I, and 0% were in the highest, category VI. Court-martial records do not hold this information.
The Median Compared With Earlier Years
The previous year, fiscal year 2024, had a median prison term of 13 months for 10 people. The median of 12 months in 2025 was about the same. Both were lower than the 26 months for all years from 2016 to 2025.
Across the full period, 116 people were sentenced under §2N1.1. 82% were sent to prison, and 98% pleaded guilty. The table lists every year, including 19 people in fiscal year 2023.
For all guidelines in fiscal year 2025, 66,662 people were sentenced. The median prison term was 24 months, 98% pleaded guilty, and 51% of sentences were within the range.
| Fiscal year | People sentenced | Median prison | Pleaded guilty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 4 | 21 months | 4 of 4 |
| 2017 | 8 | 20 months | 8 of 8 |
| 2018 | 10 | 30 months | 90% |
| 2019 | 11 | 36 months | 100% |
| 2020 | 13 | 46 months | 100% |
| 2021 | 15 | 24 months | 100% |
| 2022 | 14 | 36 months | 93% |
| 2023 | 19 | 36 months | 100% |
| 2024 | 10 | 13 months | 100% |
| 2025 | 12 | 12 months | 100% |
Limits on These Records
The Commission lists these cases in the Food and Drug offense type. The records do not show what any case involved or why the sentences differ from the range. With 12 people, the figures should not be read as a trend.
The crosswalk has no close court-martial counterpart for this guideline, so the post reports federal numbers alone.
How We Counted
Everyone sentenced in federal court in fiscal year 2025 whose primary sentencing guideline was §2N1.1 (12), U.S. Sentencing Commission individual data files. The primary guideline is the one that set the offense level for the most serious count.
Federal fiscal years run from October 1 to September 30. No person, judge, or lawyer is identified in any of these records.
What to Keep in Mind
No parole in federal prison; credit for good conduct. Federal prison has no parole for crimes committed on or after November 1, 1987. A federal prisoner can earn up to 54 days of good conduct credit for each year of the sentence the judge imposed, which is about 15%. Some federal prisoners can also earn First Step Act time credits, but many offenses make a person ineligible. The numbers in this post are the sentences judges imposed, not the time people actually served.
Federal supervised release. Most federal prison sentences are followed by a term of supervised release that the judge sets as part of the sentence. A person who violates it can be sent back to prison. A court-martial cannot sentence anyone to supervision after release. Military parole and mandatory supervised release are decided later by a board, not by the judge at trial.
Who decides the sentence, and under what rules. Federal judges sentence every federal case. They must calculate the Sentencing Guidelines range, which is advisory, and must impose any mandatory minimum the statute requires unless an exception applies. In courts-martial, the accused could choose sentencing by members until the rules changed. For cases in which every guilty finding is for an offense committed after December 27, 2023, a military judge sentences alone, within sentencing parameters. Courts-martial tried in 2024 and later include both old-rule and new-rule cases, and the data cannot tell them apart.
Time periods. Federal numbers are by federal fiscal year (October 1 to September 30), based on the sentencing date. The military numbers are by trial date. Neither source has the date of the offense, so a change in law shows up in either data set gradually.
How life sentences and "time served" are counted. In the federal numbers, a life sentence is counted as 470 months, and any other sentence longer than 470 months is counted as just under 470 months. A sentence of "time served" is counted as one day (0.03 months). Averages are affected by these rules; medians much less.
Related Analysis
- Military Moves Toward Sentencing Guidelines to Mirror the Federal System (the background article)
- Federal Prosecution Analysis (all federal posts)
- How the Federal Comparison Data Was Built (sources and method)
- §2N1.1 Tampering or Attempting to Tamper Involving Risk of Death or Bodily Injury: Federal Sentences, FY2016–2025 (overview)
- §2N1.1 Tampering or Attempting to Tamper Involving Risk of Death or Bodily Injury: Federal Sentences, Fiscal Year 2024 (previous or next fiscal year)
- How Often Federal Judges Sentence Outside the Guideline Range
- Mandatory Minimums: How Many Federal Sentences Are Set by Congress
- U.S. Sentencing Commission, Individual Offender Datafiles (source)
- Federal Judicial Center, Integrated Database (criminal defendants) (source)
About the author. Jocelyn C. Stewart is a retired Army JAG with more than 24 years of trying courts-martial and more than 200 jury trials. She hosts Where All The Bodies Are Buried and runs the Law Office of Jocelyn C. Stewart. This analysis is for education and information only. It is not legal advice, and every case is different.