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# §2E1.1 Unlawful Conduct Relating to Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations: Federal Sentences, Fiscal Year 2024
- URL: https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-guideline-2e1-1-unlawful-conduct-relating-to-racketeer-influenced-and-fy2024/
- Published: 2026-11-04T10:28:19.000Z
- Updated: 2026-11-04T10:28:19.000Z
- Description: Of the 22 people sentenced in fiscal year 2024 with §2E1.1 as the primary guideline, 15 (68%) received a prison term and 6 (27%) received probation only. Only 3 (14%) were sentenced within the guideline range. The group is small, so the figures describe this year and do not show a trend.
- Author: Jocelyn C. Stewart
- Tags: Understanding Trends, Federal

[Trends](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/) › [Federal Prosecution Analysis](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal/) › [§2E1.1 Unlawful Conduct Relating to Racketeer Influenced and](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-guideline-2e1-1-unlawful-conduct-relating-to-racketeer-influenced-and/) › §2E1.1: FY2024

**In brief:** Of the 22 people sentenced in fiscal year 2024 with §2E1.1 as the primary guideline, 15 (68%) received a prison term and 6 (27%) received probation only. Only 3 (14%) were sentenced within the guideline range. The group is small, so the figures describe this year and do not show a trend.

Updated November 4, 2026 · Sources: U.S. Sentencing Commission and Federal Judicial Center, fiscal years 2016–2025

This post uses the U.S. Sentencing Commission's records of 22 people sentenced in federal court in fiscal year 2024\. Acquittals and dismissals come from a second source, the Federal Judicial Center's records of 753,808 federal defendants whose cases ended in fiscal years 2016 to 2025\. It is part of the [Federal Prosecution Analysis](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal/) series, which builds on [Military Moves Toward Sentencing Guidelines to Mirror the Federal System](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/military-sentencing-guidelines-federal-system/). How the numbers were built: [How the Federal Comparison Data Was Built](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-data-methodology/).

## How Many Received Probation Only?

The Commission's data for fiscal year 2024 lists 22 people whose primary guideline was §2E1.1\. The Guidelines Manual titles this guideline "Unlawful Conduct Relating to Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations."

15 of the 22 (68%) were sentenced to prison. 6 (27%) received probation only, with no prison or other confinement. Among those sent to prison, the median prison term was 24 months (2 years).

The spread of prison terms was wide. A quarter of those sent to prison received 61.5 months or more, and a quarter received 0 months or less. The 0-month figure is the Commission's, and it appears in this summary of the sentences it recorded.

## Sentences Against the Guideline Range

All 22 people had this information recorded. Within the range: 3 people (14%). Below the range at the government's request: 10 (45%). Below the range without a government request: 7 (32%). Above the range: 2 (9%).

The within-range share of 14% was lower than the all-years share for this guideline, 39%. It was also lower than the share for every guideline in fiscal year 2024, which was 46%.

A mandatory minimum prison term applied to 3 of the 22 people (14%).

| Fiscal year | People sentenced | Median prison | Pleaded guilty |
| ----------- | ---------------- | ------------- | -------------- |
| 2016        | 56               | 24 months     | 100%           |
| 2017        | 68               | 24 months     | 90%            |
| 2018        | 142              | 28 months     | 97%            |
| 2019        | 62               | 33 months     | 97%            |
| 2020        | 25               | 30 months     | 84%            |
| 2021        | 31               | 24 months     | 100%           |
| 2022        | 48               | 24 months     | 100%           |
| 2023        | 47               | 24 months     | 89%            |
| 2024        | 22               | 24 months     | 95%            |
| 2025        | 10               | 25.5 months   | 90%            |

## Guilty Pleas and the One Trial

21 of the 22 people (95%) pleaded guilty. One person was convicted after a trial. All of the guilty pleas (100%) had a written plea agreement.

The median prison term after a guilty plea was 22.5 months. The median after a trial was 72 months, but it rests on a single person, so it cannot be treated as a typical trial sentence.

The Commission counts only people who were convicted and sentenced. Defendants who were acquitted or whose charges were dismissed do not appear.

## Supervised Release, Fines, and Restitution

14 people (64%) were ordered to serve supervised release after prison, with a median term of 36 months. A fine was ordered for 3 people (14%), and restitution for 6 (27%).

64% of the group were in criminal history category I, the lowest. 18% were in category VI, the highest. A court-martial record contains no criminal history field.

## Other Years and All Federal Cases

In fiscal year 2023, 47 people were sentenced under §2E1.1, with a median prison term of 24 months and 28% within the range. In fiscal year 2025, 10 people were sentenced, with a median prison term of 25.5 months and 40% within the range.

Over fiscal years 2016 to 2025, the guideline covered 511 people. 90% went to prison, the median prison term was 27 months, and 95% pleaded guilty.

Federal courts sentenced 61,678 people under all guidelines in fiscal year 2024\. Their median prison term was 30 months, and 97% pleaded guilty. For the 22 cases here, the Commission's offense type is Extortion/Racketeering.

## What Cannot Be Read From These Numbers

Fiscal year 2024 covers October 1, 2023 through September 30, 2024\. With only 22 people, a single person changes the percentages noticeably, and one case can shift a median.

The approved crosswalk lists no close court-martial counterpart for this guideline, so only federal numbers are reported. The records give no case facts and no reasons for any sentence.

### How We Counted

Everyone sentenced in federal court in fiscal year 2024 whose primary sentencing guideline was §2E1.1 (22), U.S. Sentencing Commission individual data files. The primary guideline is the one that set the offense level for the most serious count.

Federal fiscal years run from October 1 to September 30\. No person, judge, or lawyer is identified in any of these records.

### What to Keep in Mind

**No parole in federal prison; credit for good conduct.** Federal prison has no parole for crimes committed on or after November 1, 1987\. A federal prisoner can earn up to 54 days of good conduct credit for each year of the sentence the judge imposed, which is about 15%. Some federal prisoners can also earn First Step Act time credits, but many offenses make a person ineligible. The numbers in this post are the sentences judges imposed, not the time people actually served.

**Federal supervised release.** Most federal prison sentences are followed by a term of supervised release that the judge sets as part of the sentence. A person who violates it can be sent back to prison. A court-martial cannot sentence anyone to supervision after release. Military parole and mandatory supervised release are decided later by a board, not by the judge at trial.

**Who decides the sentence, and under what rules.** Federal judges sentence every federal case. They must calculate the Sentencing Guidelines range, which is advisory, and must impose any mandatory minimum the statute requires unless an exception applies. In courts-martial, the accused could choose sentencing by members until the rules changed. For cases in which every guilty finding is for an offense committed after December 27, 2023, a military judge sentences alone, within sentencing parameters. Courts-martial tried in 2024 and later include both old-rule and new-rule cases, and the data cannot tell them apart.

**Time periods.** Federal numbers are by federal fiscal year (October 1 to September 30), based on the sentencing date. The military numbers are by trial date. Neither source has the date of the offense, so a change in law shows up in either data set gradually.

**How life sentences and "time served" are counted.** In the federal numbers, a life sentence is counted as 470 months, and any other sentence longer than 470 months is counted as just under 470 months. A sentence of "time served" is counted as one day (0.03 months). Averages are affected by these rules; medians much less.

**Mandatory minimum sentences.** Many federal statutes on drugs, images of child exploitation, child sex abuse, and firearms carry mandatory minimum prison terms. The UCMJ has mandatory minimums only for a few offenses (a dishonorable discharge or dismissal for rape and sexual assault, and life for premeditated murder). Federal sentences for these offenses are partly set by Congress, not by the judge.

## Related Analysis

- [Military Moves Toward Sentencing Guidelines to Mirror the Federal System](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/military-sentencing-guidelines-federal-system/) (the background article)
- [Federal Prosecution Analysis](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal/) (all federal posts)
- [How the Federal Comparison Data Was Built](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-data-methodology/) (sources and method)
- [§2E1.1 Unlawful Conduct Relating to Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations: Federal Sentences, FY2016–2025](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-guideline-2e1-1-unlawful-conduct-relating-to-racketeer-influenced-and/) (overview)
- [§2E1.1 Unlawful Conduct Relating to Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations: Federal Sentences, Fiscal Year 2023](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-guideline-2e1-1-unlawful-conduct-relating-to-racketeer-influenced-and-fy2023/) (previous or next fiscal year)
- [§2E1.1 Unlawful Conduct Relating to Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations: Federal Sentences, Fiscal Year 2025](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-guideline-2e1-1-unlawful-conduct-relating-to-racketeer-influenced-and-fy2025/) (previous or next fiscal year)
- [How Often Federal Judges Sentence Outside the Guideline Range](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-sentences-outside-guideline-range/)
- [Mandatory Minimums: How Many Federal Sentences Are Set by Congress](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-mandatory-minimum-sentences/)
- [U.S. Sentencing Commission, Individual Offender Datafiles](https://www.ussc.gov/research/datafiles/commission-datafiles?ref=bodiesburied.com) (source)
- [Federal Judicial Center, Integrated Database (criminal defendants)](https://www.fjc.gov/research/idb?ref=bodiesburied.com) (source)

**About the author.** Jocelyn C. Stewart is a retired Army JAG with more than 24 years of trying courts-martial and more than 200 jury trials. She hosts *Where All The Bodies Are Buried* and runs the [Law Office of Jocelyn C. Stewart](https://www.ucmj-defender.com/?ref=bodiesburied.com). This analysis is for education and information only. It is not legal advice, and every case is different.