> ## Content Index
> Fetch the complete content index at: https://www.bodiesburied.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover other available public pages before exploring further.

# §2E1.1 Unlawful Conduct Relating to Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations: Federal Sentences, Fiscal Year 2017
- URL: https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-guideline-2e1-1-unlawful-conduct-relating-to-racketeer-influenced-and-fy2017/
- Published: 2026-11-04T10:28:12.000Z
- Updated: 2026-11-04T10:28:12.000Z
- Description: In fiscal year 2017, 68 people were sentenced under §2E1.1, "Unlawful Conduct Relating to Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations." A mandatory minimum prison term applied to 7 of them (10%). The median prison term was 24 months, and 57 people (84%) were sent to prison.
- Author: Jocelyn C. Stewart
- Tags: Understanding Trends, Federal

[Trends](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/) › [Federal Prosecution Analysis](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal/) › [§2E1.1 Unlawful Conduct Relating to Racketeer Influenced and](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-guideline-2e1-1-unlawful-conduct-relating-to-racketeer-influenced-and/) › §2E1.1: FY2017

**In brief:** In fiscal year 2017, 68 people were sentenced under §2E1.1, "Unlawful Conduct Relating to Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations." A mandatory minimum prison term applied to 7 of them (10%). The median prison term was 24 months, and 57 people (84%) were sent to prison.

Updated November 4, 2026 · Sources: U.S. Sentencing Commission and Federal Judicial Center, fiscal years 2016–2025

This post uses the U.S. Sentencing Commission's records of 68 people sentenced in federal court in fiscal year 2017\. Acquittals and dismissals come from a second source, the Federal Judicial Center's records of 753,808 federal defendants whose cases ended in fiscal years 2016 to 2025\. It is part of the [Federal Prosecution Analysis](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal/) series, which builds on [Military Moves Toward Sentencing Guidelines to Mirror the Federal System](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/military-sentencing-guidelines-federal-system/). How the numbers were built: [How the Federal Comparison Data Was Built](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-data-methodology/).

## Mandatory Minimums Applied to 7 People

Among the 68 people with that information recorded, a mandatory minimum prison term applied to 7 (10%). A mandatory minimum is a prison term that the law requires as the least a court may impose.

The records do not show which charges carried a mandatory minimum or how it affected any sentence. The other 61 people with the information recorded were not subject to one.

## Prison Terms

Of the 68 people, 57 (84%) received a prison term, and 5 (7%) received probation only, with no prison or other confinement. The median prison term was 24 months.

A quarter received 36 months or more, and a quarter received 12 months or less. These are terms imposed, not time served. After prison, 57 people (84%) were ordered to serve supervised release, with a median term of 36 months.

## Trial Convictions

A total of 61 of the 68 people (90%) pleaded guilty, and 7 were convicted after a trial. All of the guilty pleas (100%) came with a written plea agreement.

The Commission's data for this year does not give a separate median for the trial group, so no comparison with the plea median is made here.

## Below the Range More Often Than Within It

The guideline range is the range the Guidelines Manual calculates for a case. In fiscal year 2017, 29% of sentences (20 people) were within it. The largest group, 43% (29 people), was below the range without a government request. Another 25% (17) were below it at the government's request, and 3% (2) were above it.

In all federal cases that year, 49% of sentences were within the range. Under §2E1.1 across all years, the figure was 39%.

## Fines and Restitution

A fine was ordered for 4 people (6%), and restitution for 7 (10%).

## Years on Either Side and All Federal Cases

Fiscal year 2016 had 56 people under this guideline, a median prison term of 24 months, and 38% of sentences within the range. Fiscal year 2018 had 142 people, a median of 28 months, and 51% within the range.

For every guideline in fiscal year 2017, 66,873 people were sentenced, the median prison term was 24 months, and 97% pleaded guilty. Across fiscal years 2016 to 2025, §2E1.1 covered 511 people, with 90% sent to prison and a median of 27 months. The table lists each year.

| Fiscal year | People sentenced | Median prison | Pleaded guilty |
| ----------- | ---------------- | ------------- | -------------- |
| 2016        | 56               | 24 months     | 100%           |
| 2017        | 68               | 24 months     | 90%            |
| 2018        | 142              | 28 months     | 97%            |
| 2019        | 62               | 33 months     | 97%            |
| 2020        | 25               | 30 months     | 84%            |
| 2021        | 31               | 24 months     | 100%           |
| 2022        | 48               | 24 months     | 100%           |
| 2023        | 47               | 24 months     | 89%            |
| 2024        | 22               | 24 months     | 95%            |
| 2025        | 10               | 25.5 months   | 90%            |

## Limits of the Data

The Commission counts only people who were convicted and sentenced. Acquittals and dismissals are not included. The fiscal year ran from October 1, 2016 to September 30, 2017.

In this year, 47% of these people were in criminal history category I and 9% were in category VI. The approved crosswalk has no close court-martial counterpart for this guideline. The records cannot show why this year had a higher share with a mandatory minimum.

### How We Counted

Everyone sentenced in federal court in fiscal year 2017 whose primary sentencing guideline was §2E1.1 (68), U.S. Sentencing Commission individual data files. The primary guideline is the one that set the offense level for the most serious count.

Federal fiscal years run from October 1 to September 30\. No person, judge, or lawyer is identified in any of these records.

### What to Keep in Mind

**No parole in federal prison; credit for good conduct.** Federal prison has no parole for crimes committed on or after November 1, 1987\. A federal prisoner can earn up to 54 days of good conduct credit for each year of the sentence the judge imposed, which is about 15%. Some federal prisoners can also earn First Step Act time credits, but many offenses make a person ineligible. The numbers in this post are the sentences judges imposed, not the time people actually served.

**Federal supervised release.** Most federal prison sentences are followed by a term of supervised release that the judge sets as part of the sentence. A person who violates it can be sent back to prison. A court-martial cannot sentence anyone to supervision after release. Military parole and mandatory supervised release are decided later by a board, not by the judge at trial.

**Who decides the sentence, and under what rules.** Federal judges sentence every federal case. They must calculate the Sentencing Guidelines range, which is advisory, and must impose any mandatory minimum the statute requires unless an exception applies. In courts-martial, the accused could choose sentencing by members until the rules changed. For cases in which every guilty finding is for an offense committed after December 27, 2023, a military judge sentences alone, within sentencing parameters. Courts-martial tried in 2024 and later include both old-rule and new-rule cases, and the data cannot tell them apart.

**Time periods.** Federal numbers are by federal fiscal year (October 1 to September 30), based on the sentencing date. The military numbers are by trial date. Neither source has the date of the offense, so a change in law shows up in either data set gradually.

**How life sentences and "time served" are counted.** In the federal numbers, a life sentence is counted as 470 months, and any other sentence longer than 470 months is counted as just under 470 months. A sentence of "time served" is counted as one day (0.03 months). Averages are affected by these rules; medians much less.

**Mandatory minimum sentences.** Many federal statutes on drugs, images of child exploitation, child sex abuse, and firearms carry mandatory minimum prison terms. The UCMJ has mandatory minimums only for a few offenses (a dishonorable discharge or dismissal for rape and sexual assault, and life for premeditated murder). Federal sentences for these offenses are partly set by Congress, not by the judge.

## Related Analysis

- [Military Moves Toward Sentencing Guidelines to Mirror the Federal System](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/military-sentencing-guidelines-federal-system/) (the background article)
- [Federal Prosecution Analysis](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal/) (all federal posts)
- [How the Federal Comparison Data Was Built](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-data-methodology/) (sources and method)
- [§2E1.1 Unlawful Conduct Relating to Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations: Federal Sentences, FY2016–2025](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-guideline-2e1-1-unlawful-conduct-relating-to-racketeer-influenced-and/) (overview)
- [§2E1.1 Unlawful Conduct Relating to Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations: Federal Sentences, Fiscal Year 2016](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-guideline-2e1-1-unlawful-conduct-relating-to-racketeer-influenced-and-fy2016/) (previous or next fiscal year)
- [§2E1.1 Unlawful Conduct Relating to Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations: Federal Sentences, Fiscal Year 2018](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-guideline-2e1-1-unlawful-conduct-relating-to-racketeer-influenced-and-fy2018/) (previous or next fiscal year)
- [How Often Federal Judges Sentence Outside the Guideline Range](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-sentences-outside-guideline-range/)
- [Mandatory Minimums: How Many Federal Sentences Are Set by Congress](https://www.bodiesburied.com/trends/federal-mandatory-minimum-sentences/)
- [U.S. Sentencing Commission, Individual Offender Datafiles](https://www.ussc.gov/research/datafiles/commission-datafiles?ref=bodiesburied.com) (source)
- [Federal Judicial Center, Integrated Database (criminal defendants)](https://www.fjc.gov/research/idb?ref=bodiesburied.com) (source)

**About the author.** Jocelyn C. Stewart is a retired Army JAG with more than 24 years of trying courts-martial and more than 200 jury trials. She hosts *Where All The Bodies Are Buried* and runs the [Law Office of Jocelyn C. Stewart](https://www.ucmj-defender.com/?ref=bodiesburied.com). This analysis is for education and information only. It is not legal advice, and every case is different.